Here, in case it is of any use, is the doubtless rather hit and miss bibliography to my chapter on 'The Peoples of Northern Europe' for the forthcoming Cambridge Archaeology of Late Antiquity. It is based on the footnotes to that chapter so there's a lot of stuff left out on some pretty major topics (most obviously the recent stuff on the wetland areas of the Netherlands/NW Germany) because I couldn't cover everything. It is also heavily weighted towards the most recent stuff I could find, and preferably in English, given the publication, so a lot of classic stuff is missing too.
Primary Sources:
Gregory of Tours, Historiae: Gregory of Tours. The History of the Franks, trans. Thorpe, L.,
(Harmondsworth, 1974).
Notitia Dignitatum: Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia Urbis
Constantinopolitanae et Latercula Provinciarum, ed. Seeck, O., (Frankfurt
am Main, 1876; repr. Frankfurt, 1962).
Tacitus, Germania: Tacitus: Germania, trans. Rives, J., (Oxford,
1999).
Táin Bó Cuailnge: The Tain.
Trans. T. Kinsella (Oxford, 1969)
Secondary Sources:
Abegg-Wigg, A., & Lau, N., (ed.)
(2014). Kammergräber im Barbaricum: Zu Einflüssen und Übergangsphänomenenvon der
vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis in die Völkerwanderungszeit (Schleswig),
Åberg, N., (1922). Die Franken und Westgoten in der
Völkerwanderungszeit (Uppsala).
Åberg, N., (1923). Die Goten
und Langobarden in Italien (Uppsala).
Åberg, N., (1926). The Anglo-Saxons in England (Uppsala).
Alföldi, M.R.-, (1997). ‘Germania magna – nicht libera.
Notizen zum römischen Wortgebrauch.’ Germania
75:45-52.
Almagor, E., & Skinner, J.,
(ed.) (2013). Ancient Ethnography: New
Approaches (London)
Andrzejowski, J., (2010). ‘The
Przeworsk Culture: A brief story (for the foreigners)’ in Worlds Apart? Contacts across the Baltic Sea in the Iron Age
(Nordiske Fortidsminder C/7: Copenhagen/Warsaw), pp.1-52
Arrhenius, B., & U.
O’Meadhra, U., (ed.) (2011). Excavations
at Helgö XVIII (Stockholm)
Autorenkollektiv (1983). Die Germanen. Geschichte und Kultur der
germanischen Stämme in Mitteleuropa. Ein Handbuch in zwei Bänden Vol.2
(Berlin).
Balsdon, J.P.V.D., (1979). Romans and Aliens (London).
Bazelmans, J., (2014). By Weapons Made Worthy: Lords, Retainers and
Their Relationship in Beowulf (Amsterdam Archaeological Studies)
Becker, M., (2009). ‘Germanische
Eliten der späten Römischen Kaiserzeit’, in Burmeister & Derks (ed.)
(2009), pp.358-69.
Bemmann, J., (1999).
‘Körpergräber der jungeren römischen Kaiserzeit und Völkerwanderungszeit aus
Schleswig Holstein. Zum Aufkommen einer neuen Bestattungssitte im
überregionalen Vergleich.’ Studien zur Sachsenforschung
13:5-45.
Besteman, J.C., Bos, J.M.,
Gerrets, D.A., Heidinga, H.A., & de Koning, J., (1999). The Excavations at Wijnaldum. Reports on
Frisia in Roman and Early Medieval Times (Rotterdam).
Bona, I., (1976). The Dawn of the Dark Ages: The Gepids and
Lombards in the Carpathian Basin (Budapest).
Bonfante, L., (ed.) (2011). The
Barbarians of Ancient Europe: Realities and Interactions. (Cambridge).
Borg, K., Näsman, U., &
Wegraus, E., (ed.) (1976). Eketorp.
Fortification and Settlement in Öland/Sweden. The Monument. (Stockholm).
Brather, S., (2004). Ethnische
Interpretationen in der frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie: Geschichte, Grundlagen
und Alternativen (Berlin).
Brather, S., (2009). ‘Dwellings
and settlements among the Lombards’ in The
Langobards Before the Frankish Conquest, ed. G. Ausenda, P. Delogu &
C.J. Wickham (Woodbridge), pp.30-68.
Burmeister, S., & Derks, H.,
(ed.), 2000 Jahre Varusschlacht: Konflikt (Stuttgart, 2009).
Burnell, S., (1998). Die reformierte Kirche von Sissach BL.
Mittelalterliche Kirchenbauten und merowingerzeitliche “Stiftergräber”
(Liestal).
Brink-Kloke, H., &
Meurers-Balke, J. (2003). ‘Siedlungen und Gräber am Oespeler Bach (Dortmund) –
eine Kulturlandschaft im Wandel der Zeiten.’ Germania 81:47-146.
Campbell, E., (1999). Saints and
sea-kings: the first kingdom of the Scots (Edinburgh)
Campbell, E. (2007) Continental and Mediterranean
Imports to Atlantic Britain and Ireland, AD 400-800. (York).
Capelle, T., (1998). Die Sachsen des frühen Mittelalters
(Stuttgart)
Clarke, D., Blackwell, A., &
Goldberg, M., Early Medieval Scotland.
Individuals, Communities and Ideas (Edinburgh).
Collins, R., & Gerrard, J.,
(ed.) (2004). Debating Late Antiquity in
Britain, AD300-700 (Oxford).
Crone, A., & Campbell, E.,
(2005). A Crannog of the First Millennium
AD. Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Glashan, Argyll, 1960 (Edinburgh)
Crubézy, E., (1990). ‘Merovingian
skull deformations in the south-west of France’ From the Baltic to the Black Sea. Studies in Medieval Archaeology (One
World Archaeology 18), ed. Austin, D., & Alcock, L., (London),
pp.189-208
Curta, F., (ed.) (2010). Neglected Barbarians (Turnhout).
Dench, E., (1995). From
Barbarians to New Men. Greek, Roman and Modern Perceptions of Peoples from the
Central Apennines (Oxford).
Dickinson, T.M., & Griffiths,
D., (ed.) (1999). The Making of Kingdoms (Anglo-Saxon Studies in History and
Archaeology 10) (Oxford).
Dijkstra, M.F.P. (2011). Rondom de Mondingen van Rijn & Maas.
Landschap en Bewoning Tussen de 3e en 9e EEuw in Zuid-Holland, in het Bijzonder
de Oude Rijnstreek (Leiden).
Drinkwater, J.F., (2007). The Alamanni and Rome 213-496. Caracalla to
Clovis (Oxford).
Dunbar, L., & Maldonado, A.,
with McLaren, D., & Melikian, M., (2012). A long cist cemetery near
Auchterforfar Farm, Forfar, Angus – Christian or pre-Christian? Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal
18, pp.63-80.
Edwards, N., (1996). The Archaeology of Early Medieval Ireland (paperback
edition: London).
Eger, C., (2014). ’Early
migration period hillforts in southern Germany. State of research and
interpretation’, in Las Fortificaciones en la Tardoantigüedad.
Élites y articulación del Territorio (Siglos V-VIII d.C.), ed. Catalán
Ramos, R., Fuentes, P., & Sastre Blanco, J.C., (Madrid), pp.21-42
Elton, H., (1996a).
Frontiers of the Roman Empire (London).
Elton, H., (1996b). Warfare in Roman Europe, 350-425
(Oxford).
Esmonde Cleary, S., (2013).
‘Northern Britain in late antiquity’ Antiquité
Tardive 21:33-44.
Ethelberg, P., (2011). Early
state formation in southern Scandinavia: a proposal for a hierarchical
terminology’, in The Iron Age on Zealand:
Status and Perspectives, ed. L. Boye (Copenhagen, 2011), pp.67-73.
Ethelberg, P., Jensen, S., Jørgensen, L.B.,
& Madsen, T., (1986). Hjemsted-en
gravplads fra 4. og 5. årh. e. Kr (Haderslev)
Feachem, R.W., (1955-56). ‘The
fortifications of Traprain Law.’ Proceedings of the Society of Antiquities
for Scotland
89:284-9.
Fischer, S., (2014). ‘Swedish Migration Period
Chamber Graves’, in Abegg-Wigg & Lau (ed.) (2014), pp.401-21
Fischer, S., & Victor, H., (2011).
‘New Horizons for Helgö’
in Arrhenius
& O’Meadhra (ed.) (2011), pp.79-92.
Foster, S., (2014). Picts, Gaels and Scots: Early Historic
Scotland (2nd edition: Edinburgh)
Fraser, J., (2009). From Caledonia to Pictland. Scotland to 795
(Edinburgh).
Fries-Knoblach, Steuer, H., &
Hines, J., (ed.) (2014). The Baiuvarii
and Thuringi. An Ethnographic Perspective (Woodbridge).
Fuchs, R., Kempa, M., Redies, R.,
Theune-Großkopf, B., & Wais, A. (ed.) (1997). Die Alamannen (2nd
edition; Stuttgart).
Fulford, M.G., (1985). ‘Roman
material in barbarian society, c.200BC- a.d. 400’, in Settlement and Society, ed. T. Champion & J.V.S. Megaw
(Leicester, 1985), pp.91-108.
Galestin, M.C., (2010). ‘Roman
artefacts beyond the northern frontier: interpreting the evidence from the
Netherlands.’ European Journal of Archaeology
13.1, pp.64-88.
Gebühr, M., (2009). ‘Reiche
Bauern oder Fürsten.’ In Burmeister & Derks (ed.) (2009), pp.342-51
Geiberger, M., Stute, A., &
Hofmann, A., (ed.) (2005). Imperium
Romanum: Römer, Christen, Alamannen – Die Spätantike am Oberrhein
(Stuttgart).
Geuenich, D. (ed.) (1998). Die
Franken und die Alemannen bis zur “Schlacht bei Zülpich” (Berlin).
Goetz, H-W., Jarnut, J., &
Pohl, W., (ed.) (2003). Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between
late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of
the Roman World (Leiden).
Goffart, W., (2006). Barbarian Tides. The Migration Age and the
Later Roman Empire (Philadelphia)
Haarnagel, W., (1979). Die Grabung Feddersen Wierde: Methode,
Hausbau, Siedlungs- und Wirtschaftsformen, sowie Sozialstruktur (Wiesbaden
Hall, E., (1989). Inventing the Barbarian (Oxford).
Halsall (2000). Burial customs
around the North Sea, AD 350-700’ in Kramer et
al. (ed.) (2000), pp.93-104.
Halsall, G., (2007). Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West,
376-568 (Cambridge).
Halsall, G., (2009). ‘Beyond the
northern frontiers’, in A Companion to
Late Antiquity, ed. P. Rousseau & J. Raithel (Oxford), pp.409-25
Halsall, G., (2011). ‘Ethnicity and early
medieval cemeteries.’ Arqueología y
Territorio Medieval 18 (2011), pp.15-27.
Halsall, G., (2013). ‘Northern
Britain and the fall of the Roman Empire’. The
Mediaeval Journal 2:1-25.
Halsall, G., (2014). ‘Two worlds
become one: a ‘counter-intuitive’ view of the Roman Empire and ‘Germanic’
Migration’. German History 32:515-32
Hamerow, H., (2002). Early Medieval Settlements. The Archaeology
of Rural Communities in North-West Europe 400-900 (Oxford).
Hammer, C., (2011). ‘Early
medieval Bavaria: A late antique Italian perspective.’ Journal of Late Antiquity 4.2, pp.217-44.
Hansen, H.J., (1989), ‘Dankirke:
Affluence in Late Iron Age Denmark’ in The Birth of Europe. Archaeology and
Social Development in the First Millennium A.D. ed. K. Randsborg (Rome), pp. 123–8.
Hårdh, B., (2003). ‘The contacts
of a central place’ in Larsson & Hårdh (ed.) (2003), pp.27-66.
Hardt, M., (2003). ‘The
Bavarians’, in Goetz, Jarnut & Pohl (ed.) (2003), pp.429-61.
Hausmair, B., (2015). Am Rande des Grabs. Todeskonzepte und
Bestattungsritual in der frühmittelalterlichen Almannia (Vienna).
Heather, P., (1996). The Goths (Oxford).
Heather, P. (1998). ‘Disappearing
and reappearing tribes’, in Pohl & Reimitz (ed.) 1998, pp.95-111
Heather, P., (2001). ‘The late
Roman art of client management: Imperial defence in the fourth-century west’ in
The Transformation of Frontiers. From
Late Antiquity to the Carolingians, ed. W. Pohl, I.N. Wood & H. Reimitz
(Leiden), pp.15-72.
Heather, P., (2005). The Fall
of Rome: A New History (London).
Heather, P., & Matthews, J.,
(1991). The Goths in the Fourth Century
(Liverpool).
Hedeager, L., (1978). ‘A
quantitative analysis of Roman imports in Europe north of the Limes (0-400 AD) and the question of
Roman-Germanic exchange.’ Studies in
Scandinavian Prehistory and Early History 1, pp.191-216.
Hedeager, L., (1987). ‘Empire,
frontier and the barbarian hinterland: Rome and northern Europe from AD 1-400’,
in Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, ed. M. Rowlands, M.,
Larsen & K. Kristiansen (Cambridge), pp.125-40.
Henderson, G., & Henderson,
I., (2004). The Art of the Picts:
Sculpture and Metalwork in Early Medieval Scotland (London).
Hodder, I., (1986). Reading the Past. Current Approaches to
Interpretation in Archaeology (1st edition; Cambridge)
Hoeper, M., & Steuer, H.,
‘Eine völkerwanderungszeitliche Höhenstation am Oberrhein—der Geißkopf bei
Berghaupten, Ortenaukreis—Höhensiedlung, Militärlager oder Kultplatz?’, Germania,
77 (1999), pp. 185–246.
Horsnaes, H.W., (2013).
‘Networking in north-eastern barbaricum: a study of gold imitations of Roman
coins’, in From Goths to Varangians:
Communications and Cultural Exchange Between the Baltic and the Black Sea,
ed. Bjerg, L., Lind, J.H., & Sindbaek, S.M., (Aarhus), pp.87-130.
Hunter, F., (2007). Beyond the Edge of Empire – Caledonians,
Picts and Romans (Groam House Museum, Rosemarkie).
Hunter & Painter
Hvass, S., (1983). ‘Vorbasse: The
development of a settlement through the first millennium AD.’ Journal of
Danish Archaeology 2:127-36.
Ilkjaer, J., (2001). Illerup-Ådal – Archaeology as a magic mirror
(Moesgård).
James, S., (2005). ‘Large-scale
recruitment of auxiliaries from Free Germany?’, in Limes XIX: Proceedings of the XIXth International Congress of Roman
Frontier Studies held in Pécs, Hungary, September 2003, ed. Visy, Z., (Pécs),
pp.273-279
Jensen, J., (2003). The Prehistory of Denmark (2nd
edition: London)
Jensen, S., (1991).
‘Dankirkje-Ribe. Fra handelsgård til handelsplads’ in Morotensen &
Rasmussen (ed.) (1991), pp.73-87.
Kaizer, T., & Hekster, O.,
(ed.) (2010). Impact of Empire, vol.13.
Frontiers in the Roman World. Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the
International Network Impact of Empire (Durham 16-19 April 2009) (Leiden).
Kharalambieva, A., (2010).
‘Gepids in the Balkans: A survey of the archaeological evidence’, in Curta (ed.)
(2010), pp.245-62.
Kleemann, J., (1999). ‘Zum
Aufkommen der Körperbestattung in Niedersachsen.’ Studien zur Sachsenforschung 13:253-62
Klevnäs, A., (2015). ‘Abandon Ship! Digging out the Dead from
the Vendel Boat-Graves.’ Norwegian
Archaeological Review 48, pp.1-20.
Koch, U., (1968). Die Grabfünde der
Merowingerzeit aus dem Donautal um Regensburg (Germanischer Dankmäler de
Völkerwanderungszeit. A.10) (2 vols.: Berlin)
Kramer, E., Stouman, I, & Greg, A., (ed.) (2000). Kings of the North Sea, AD 250-850 (Leeuwarden).
Lamm, J.P., & Nordstrom, H.,
(ed.) (1983). Statens Historiska Museum,
Studies 2: Vendel Period (Stockholm).
Larrick, R., (1986). ‘Age grading
and ethnicity in the style of Loikop (Samburu) spears.’ World Archaeology
18:269-83.
Larsson, L., & Hårdh, B.,
(ed.) (2003). Centrality-Regionality. The
Social Structure of Southern Sweden during the Iron Age. Uppåkrastudier 7 (Archaeologia Lundensia Series in octo 40)
(Lund).
Lee, A.D., (1993). Information and Frontiers. Roman Foreign
Relations in Late Antiquity (Cambridge).
Lowe, C., (1999). Angels,
Fools and Tyrants: Britons and Anglo-Saxons in Southern Scotland
(Edinburgh).
Maldonado, A., (2013). ‘Burial in
Early Medieval Scotland: New Questions.’ Medieval
Archaeology 57, pp.1-34.
Mejdahl, U., & Siemen, P., (2000). ‘Living around the North Sea’ in
Kramer et al. (ed.) (2000), pp.79-92.
Memorial Colloquium Haarnagel (2010). Gedächtnis-Kolloquium/Memorial
Colloquium Werner Haarnagel (1907–1984): Herrenhöfe und die Hierarchie der
Macht im Raum südlich und östlich der Nordsee von der Vorrömischen Eisenzeit
bis zum frühen Mittelalter und zur Wikingerzeit/Herrenhöfe and the Hierarchy of
Power in the Region to the South and East of the North Sea from the Pre-Roman
Iron Age until the Early Middle Ages and the Viking Age. (Leidorf).
Menghin, W., (ed.), (1987). Germanen, Hunnen und Awaren: Schätze der
Völkerwanderungszeit (Nürnberg).
Meyer, M., (2015). ‘Roman
cultural influence in western Germania
Magna’, in Oxford Handbook of Roman
Germany, ed. S. James & S. Krmnicek (Oxford), http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665730.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199665730-e-8
(accessed 08/04/2016).
Moerman, M. (1968). ‘Being Lue: Use and abuses of ethnic
identification’ in Essays on the Problem
of Tribe Proceedings of the 1967 Annual Spring Meeting of the American
Ethnological Society, ed. Helm, J., (Seattle), pp.153-69.
Mortensen, P., & Rasmussen, B.M.,
(ed.) (1991). Fra Stamme til Stat I
Denmark 2. Høvdingesamfund og Kongemagt (Aarhus).
Myhre, B., (1985). ‘Boathouses as
indicators of political organization.’ Norwegian
Archaeological review 18, pp.36-60.
Myhre, B., (1997). ‘Boathouses
and naval organisation’, in Military
Aspects of Scandinavian Society in a European Perspective AD 1-1300, ed. Nørgård Jørgensen, A., & Claussen,
B.L. (Copenhagen), pp.169-83.
Myhre, B., (2003). ‘The Iron
Age’, in The Cambridge History of Scandinavia ,
volume 1: From prehistory to 1520, ed. Helle, K., (Cambridge
Näsman, U., (1999). ‘The
ethnogenesis of the Danes and the Making of a Danish kingdom’, in Dickinson
& Griffiths (ed.) (1999), pp.1-10
Näsman, U., & Wegraus, E.,
(ed.), (1979). Eketorp. Fortification and
Settlement on Öland/Sweden. The Setting (Stockholm).
Neuffer-Müller, C., (1983). Der alamannische Adelsbestattungsplatz und
die Reihengräberfriedhöfe von Kirchheim am Ries (Ostalbkreis) (Forschungen und
Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Bade, Band 15) (Stuttgart)
Neumaier, H., (1997). ‘,Freies
Germanien’/,Germania libera’ – Zur
Genese eines historischen Begriffs.’ Germania
75:53-67.
Nicolay, J.A.W., (2014). The Splendour of Power: Early Medieval
Kingship and the Use of Gold and Silver in the Southern North Sea Area (5th to
7th Century AD) (Groningen)
Nielsen, P.O., Randsborg, K. & Thrane, H. (ed.) (1994). The
archaeology of Gudme and Lundeborg (Copenhagen
Nieuwhof, A., (2011). ‘Discontinuity in the Northern-Netherlands coastal
area at the end of the Roman Period’ Neue
Studien zur Sachsenforschung 3, pp.55-66.
Nuber, H.U., (1998). ‘Zur
Entstehung des Stammes der Alamanni aus römischer Sicht’, in Geuenich
(ed.) (1998), pp.367-83.
Ó Cróinín, D., (1995). Early Medieval Ireland 400-1200
(Harlow).
Ó Cróinín, D., (2005). ‘Ireland
400-800’, in Ó Cróinín (ed.) (2005), pp.182-234.
Ó Cróinín, D., (ed.) (2005). A New History of Ireland vol.1: Prehistoric
and Early Ireland (Oxford).
O’Sullivan, A., McCormick, F.,
Kerr, T.R., & Harvey, L., (2013). Early
Medieval Ireland from Archaeological Excavations (Dublin)
Obertová, Z., (2008). The
Early Medieval Alamannic Population at Horb-Altheim (450-510) (Rahden)
Paulsen, P., 1967). Alamannische Adelsgräber von
Niederstotzingen (Kreis Heidenheim) (Stuttgart).
Pohl, W., (1988). ‘Telling the
Difference: Signs of ethnic identity’, in Pohl & Reimitz (ed.) (1988) pp.17-69.
Pohl, W., (2000). Die Germanen (Munich).
Pohl, W., & Reimitz, H.,
(ed.) (1988). Strategies of Distinction. The
Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300-800, (Leiden).
Quast, D. (2009). ‘Frühgeschichtliche
Prunkgräberhorizonte’, in Aufstieg und Untergang. Zwischenbilanz des Forschungsschwerpunktes
»studien zu genese und struktur von eliten in vor- und frühgeschichtlichen
gesellschaften« ed. M. Egg & D. Quast (Monographien des
Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Band 82, Mainz), pp.107-42
Quast, D., (2014). ‘Die
Steinkammergräber aus Wrocław-Zakrzów’ Kammergräber im Barbaricum’ in Abegg-Wigg
& Lau (ed.) (2014) pp.323-42.
Raemakers, D.C.M., (ed.) (2013). A kaleidoscope of maritime
perspectives: Essays on the archaeology, art history and landscape history of
the maritime world view, (Groningen)
Ralston, I., (2004). The Hillforts of Pictland since ‘The Problem
of the Picts’ (Groam House Museum, Rosemarkie)
Reuter, M., (2003). Die römisch-frühvölkerwanderungszeitliche
Siedlung von Wurmlingen, Kr. Tuttlingen (Stuttgart).
Reuter, M., (2005). ‘Leben in
römischen Ruinen. Die germanischen Neueinwanderer in Südwestdesutschland und
das römische Erbe’, in Geiberger, Stute & Hofmann (ed.) (2005), pp.111-8.
Robinson, D., & Siemen, P.,
(1988). ‘A Roman Iron Age funerary deposit from Praestestien, southwestern
Jutland, and the early cultivation of rye in Denmark’, Antiquity 62, pp.697-703
Rundkvist, M.,
(2003). Barshalder 2. Studies of Late
Iron Age Gotland (Stockholm)
Sarantis, A., (2010). ‘The
Justinianic Herules: from allied barbarians to Roman provincials’, in Curta
(ed.) (2010), pp.361-402.
Schach-Dörges (1997).
‘“Zusammengespülte und vermengte Menschen”’ in Fuchs et al (ed.) (1997), pp.79-102.
Schmidt, B., (1983). ‘Die
Thüringer’, in Autorenkollektiv (1983), pp.502-48
Schmidt, B., (1987). ‘Das
Königreich der Thüringer und seine Provinzen’, in Menghin (ed.) (1987),
pp.471-80.
Schmidt, B., (1997). ‘Das
Königreich der Thüringer und seine Eingliederung in das Frankenreich’, in
Wieczorek, Périn, von Welck & Menghin (ed.), (1997), pp.285-97.
Schön, M., (1999). Feddersen Wierde, Fallward, Flögeln:
Archäologie im Museum Burg Bederkesa, Landkreis Cuxhaven (Bremerhaven).
Schrijver, P. (2013). The economic growth of terp-settlements
related to their accessibility through waterways, in Raemaekers (ed.) (2013), pp. 117-124
Shanks, M., & Tilley, C.,
(1987a). Re-Constructing Archaeology:
Theory and Practice (1st edition: Cambridge)
Shanks, M., & Tilley, C.,
(1987b). Social Theory and Archaeology (1st
edition: Cambridge)
Siegmund, F., (2003). ‘Social
relations among the old Saxons’, in
The Continental Saxons from the Migration Period to the Tenth
Century: An Ethnographic Perspective, Green, D.H., & Siegmund, F., (Woodbridge),
pp.77-95.
Skinner, J.E., (2012). The Invention of Greek Ethnography. From
Homer to Herodotus (Oxford).
Solberg, B., (2009). ‘Norwegian
Weapon Graves and Regional Diversity in the Roman and Migration Periods’, in Brattli, T., (ed.) Vitark 7. The 58th International Sachsensymposium: 1-5 September, 2007. (Trondheim),
pp.147-155
Solberg, B., (2015). ‘From Paganism
to Christianity in Norway - An examination of Graves and Grave Finds’, in Baug, I., Mygland, S., Larsen, J.,
(ed.) Nordic Middle Ages - Artefacts,
Landscapes and Society. Essays in Honour of Ingvild Øye on her 70th Birthday
(Bergen), pp. 275-288
Springer, M., (2004). Die Sachsen (Stuttgart).
Stein, F., (1967). Adelsgäber des achten Jahrhunderts in
Deutschland (2 vols.: Berlin)
Steinacher, R., (2010). ‘The
Herules: Fragments of a history’, in Curta (ed.) (2010), pp.319-60.
Steuer, H. (2005). ‘Die Alamannia
und die Besiedlung des rechtsrheinischen Hinterlands’, in Geiberger, Stute
& Hofmann (ed.) 2005, pp.26-41.
Stilborg, O., (1997). Shards of Iron Age Communication. A
Ceramological Study of Internal Structure and External Contact in the
Gudme-Lundeborg Area, Funen, during the Late Roman Iron Age (Lund).
Stout, M., (1997). The Irish Ringfort (Dublin).
Stylegar, F.-A.,
(2014). ‘Chamber graves and other ‘oversized’ graves in Roman and Migration
Period Norway’ in Abegg-Wigg & Lau (ed.) (2014), pp.191-206
Stylegar, F.-A., & Grimm, O., (2005). ‘Boathouses in Northern Europe
and the North Atlantic.’
The International Journal of Nautical
Archaeology 34.2, pp.253–268.
Swift, C., (2009). Ogam stones and the earliest Irish Christians (Maynooth)
Thasing, S. (2013). ‘On terpen from Flanders up to Frisia: Two
maritime regions from the last centuries BC until the Late Middle Ages compared’,
in
Raemaekers (ed.) (2013), pp. 89-96
Theuws, F., & Hiddink, H.,
(1997). ‘Der Kontakt zu Rom’, in Wieczorek et
al. (ed.) (1997), pp.66-80.
Thurston, L., (2002). Landscapes of Power, Landscapes of Conflict.
State Formation in the South Scandinavian Iron Age (New York)
Tipper, J., (2004) The Grubenhaus in Anglo-Saxon England: An
analysis and interpretation of the evidence from Anglo-Saxon England’s most
distinctive building type (Yedingham).
Todd, M., (1987). The Northern Barbarians, 100BC - AD 300
(rev. ed; Oxford).
Van Es, W., (1967), Wijster. A Native Village Beyond the
Imperial Frontier (Groningen).
van Ossel, P., & Ouzoulias,
P. (2000). ‘Rural settlement economy in northern Gaul in the late Empire: An
overview and assessment.’ Journal of Roman
Archaeology 13, pp.133-60.
Viberg, A., Victor, H., Fischer,
S., Lidén, K., & Andrén, A., (2014). ‘The ringfort by the sea: archaeological
geophysical prospection and excavations at Sandby borg (Öland).’ Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 44.3,
pp.413-28.
von Carnap-Bornheim, C., (2014).
‘Zum Stand der Erforschung des Thorsberger Moorfundes - Fazit’, in Das Thorsberger Moor. Bd. 4. Fund- und
Forschungsgeschichte, naturwissenschaftliche und materialkundliche
Untersuchungen C. von Carnap-Bornheim (Schleswig 2014) 421-444.
Voss, H.-U., (2009). Eine frühe Dynastie in Mecklenburg.
Fürstengräber de älteren Kaiserzeit von Hagenow’, in 2000 Jahre Varusschalcht: Konflikt, ed. S. Burmeister & H.
Derks (Stuttgart), pp.352-5.
von Carnap-Bornheim, C., (2015). ‘The Germani and the German Provinces of
Rome’ in The Oxford Handbook of the
Archaeology of Roman Germany ed.
James, S., & Stefan Krmnicek, S., (Oxford), (online resource: accessed
08/04/16)
Wainwright, F.T., (ed.) (1955). The
Problem of the Picts (London).
Ward-Perkins, B., (2005). The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilisation
(Oxford).
Welch, M., (2000). ‘Trade and
trading places around the North Sea’, in Kramer, et al. (ed.) (2000), pp.67-78.
Wells, P.S., (ed.) (2013). Rome Beyond its Frontiers: Imports,
Attitudes and Practices (JRA Supplementary Series 94: Portsmouth, RI).
Wickler, S., & Nilsen, G.,
(2012). ‘Pre-Modern Boathouses: a
maritime perspective from northern Norway.’ The
International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 41.1, pp.106–119
Wieczorek, A., Périn, P., von Welck,
K., & Menghin, W., (ed.) (1997). Die Franken: Wegberieter Europas (2nd
edition; Mainz).
Whittaker, C.R, (1994). Frontiers of the Roman Empire (Baltimore, Maryland).